A mutual investment fund is a mutual fund, one of the tools for generating passive income and increasing equity. There are a large number of varieties of such funds, let’s try to understand them.

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Availability of mutual funds
To begin with, you need to understand that mutual funds are divided according to their availability.
open ones
closed
interval data
Units in open mutual funds can be bought or sold at any time. This fact determines a certain specificity of the existence of such funds. Without carrying out a large number of necessary procedures, the fund’s assets may increase or decrease.
Another feature of an open mutual fund is that its funds are invested exclusively in highly liquid assets.
The creation and existence of closed-end investment funds imposes much more restrictions and conditions on the activities of investors. First, it is the time of purchase, repayment and issue of additional shares. Secondly, closed mutual funds have different procedures for fixing profits and paying taxes.
Interval mutual funds are somewhat similar to term deposits in banks – units in them can be bought or sold only in a certain period and for a certain period of time. Usually, this period in such mutual funds is one quarter; also, there are often conversions of interval mutual funds to closed ones or vice versa.
The Operations Of Mutual Funds
In addition to the classification by availability, investment funds are divided by type of activity. In this case, the range of separation of mutual funds is much wider:
index
specialized
international equity
funds bond funds
income
balanced
Index funds are formed according to certain criteria, followed by averaging the unit price, that is, an index is formed. In different countries, index mutual funds operate their own indexes: The US uses the Dow-Johnson index, Russia uses the RTS index, and Ukraine uses the PFTS index. With such risk diversification, index mutual funds are the most secure, but also the least profitable investment instrument.
Specialized mutual funds are focused on a single, pre-defined segment of the economy or market. This can be either an industry, a geographical area,or some other area of investment. For obvious reasons, specialized
Mutual funds, although they are quite profitable, are the most exposed to economic risks. All that has been said about risks and returns, about specialized mutual funds, applies equally to international mutual funds, for the same reasons – the narrow focus of the fund’s activities.
A fairly large category of mutual funds is equity funds. Here there is a large internal gradation, based on the final result – either obtaining a quick significant profit, or a long-term, but predictable and stable income. Accordingly, the management of the Mutual Fund is invested in the shares of the most relevant companies of the fund’s policy. Similarly, the management of other mutual funds – bond funds, with the only difference that the focus of the work is not stocks, but debt obligations of enterprises.
We should also mention the profitable mutual funds. Profitable mutual funds got their name not because of the high level of income on them, but because of the high probability of receiving it. The reason lies in the assets of such funds – they operate with short-term government obligations and, therefore, guarantee a small but fairly stable income.
Balanced mutual funds that contain both stocks and bonds in their assets, in a certain percentage ratio.



